Birth Control Pills: Oral contraceptive pills containing hormones (estrogen and progestin) that prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus to inhibit pregnancy. Pills are taken daily.
Birth Control Patch: Transdermal patch applied to the skin that releases hormones to prevent ovulation. It is changed weekly.
Birth Control Injection: Hormonal injection administered every few months to prevent ovulation and pregnancy.
Vaginal Ring: Flexible ring inserted into the vagina that releases hormones to prevent ovulation. It is replaced monthly.

Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): Small, T-shaped devices inserted into the uterus to provide long-term contraception. Hormonal IUDs release progestin, while copper IUDs prevent pregnancy through copper's spermicidal effects.
Contraceptive Implants: Small rods implanted under the skin that release hormones to prevent ovulation. They provide effective contraception for several years.

Male Condoms: Latex or polyurethane sheaths worn over the penis to prevent sperm from entering the vagina. They also offer protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Female Condoms: Polyurethane sheaths inserted into the vagina to prevent sperm from reaching the cervix. They also provide STI protection.
Diaphragm: Dome-shaped silicone device inserted into the vagina with spermicide to block sperm from entering the uterus. It needs to be fitted by a healthcare provider.
Cervical Cap: Small, silicone cap placed over the cervix with spermicide to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. It needs to be fitted by a healthcare provider.

Copper IUD: In addition to providing long-term contraception, copper IUDs release copper ions that are spermicidal, offering non-hormonal birth control.
Natural Family Planning: Fertility awareness methods track ovulation and fertile days using calendar tracking, basal body temperature monitoring, and cervical mucus assessment. This method requires diligence and may not be as effective as other forms of contraception.
Withdrawal (Pull-Out Method): Involves withdrawing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation to prevent sperm from entering the vagina. It is less effective than other methods and does not protect against STIs.

Emergency Contraceptive Pills (Morning-After Pills): Hormonal pills taken after unprotected intercourse to prevent pregnancy. They are most effective when taken as soon as possible after intercourse.
Copper IUD for Emergency Contraception: Insertion of a copper IUD within a few days of unprotected intercourse provides emergency contraception and can also serve as a long-term contraceptive method.